Swaging machine



Feb. 5 15924. v 1,483,038

M C. ZEDERBAUM ET AL swAGING MACHINE Filed Sept. 25. 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet1 Feb. 5 1924. 1,483,038

M. c. ZEDERBAUM ET AL swAGING MACHINE Filed Sept.` 25 1920 v 4Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 5 1924.

M. c. ZEBERBAUM E1' m.

' swAGING MACHINE v Filed sept. 25, 1,920 I Patented Feb. 5, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MICHEL CARL ZEDERBAUIYI, J OB FISH, JR., AND LOUIS JOHN KIRCEENBAUER, OF

YONKERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNORS TO OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY, OF JERSEY CITY,

NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY.

SWAC-ING MACHINE.

Application filed September 25, 1920. Serial No. 412,801.

To all whom-'t may concern.'

Be it known that we, MICHEL CARL ZEDER- BAUM, Jon FISI-r, J r., and LomsJOHN KIRCHENBAUER, citizens of the United States, residing in Yonkers,in the cou'nty of Westchester and State of New York, have invented a newand useful Improvement in Swaging Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

Our invention relates to forging or swaging machines and the object ofour invention is to provide a machine to form the ends of hollow orsolid cylindrical forgings or bars into coni-cal shapes of predeterminedmeasurements by means of the application of several pneumatic hammers,the sectional forming dies, the hammers and dies constituting parts ofthe machine.

The following is a full, clear and exact description of our invention,reference being made to the accompanying drawings of which Figure 1 is afront view of the machine.

Figure 2 is av side View of the machine.

Figure 3 is a top view of the machine.

Figure 4 is a clear view of the operating and controlling mechanism.

Figure 4 is a sectional view on lin-e 1-1 in Figure 4.

Figure 5 is a side View of Figure 4 with certain parts broken away.

Figure 6 is a sectional view of the clutch device.

Figure 7 is a top view of the cast iron ta'lole.

Figure 7 a is a sectional view on line 3-3 in Figure 7.

Figure 8 is a sectional view of Figure 7 Figure 9 is a topI view of adie.

Figure 10 is a sectional view of Figure 9 showing `the shape of the die.

Figure 11 is a sectional view of the table with the die in place,showing also a forging in the die and the shape of the different hammersused with my invention.

Figure 12 is a view of the locating collar and centering bushing.

Figure 13 is a sectional view of Figure 12.

Figures 14, 15 and 16 are different views of the holding' fixture.

Figure 17 is a view of a thimble rod after it went through the processof our invention.

Figure 18 is a view of the same thimble rod before it went through theprocess of our invention.

The machine consists of a heavy cast iron circular table G resting onthree substantial castiron legs, g. The table G supports a verticalcolumn H which holds the center spindle I and carries the actuatingmechanism for the rotation and the up and down ward motion of thespindle I. In the center of the table G is provided a permanentrecess Kcontaining a die L (Fig. 11) which is made up of three segmentalsections, and radiating therefrom at 120 angles are held three pneumatichammers, M, N, and O, which are irml attached to the table G by means ofspecia ly designed clamps P in recesses R (Fig. 7 cast integral with thetable G. These three hammers, M, N, and O, are in a horizontal plane,whereas a fourth hammer S is located vertically directly under thecenter of the die L. The center spindle I, which is provided with a slotz' on the center line and on the lower extremity of which is located aholding fixture T for the proper securing of the work, is rotated bymeans of a worm U and gear device V (Fig. 5) through a frictional clutchW and the downward motion is accomplished by a counterweighted lever X.The upward or return movement of the spindle I, after the completion ofthe work, is accomplished by a pneumatic cylinder Y. A pulleyv Z can beibelted up to a suitable source of locomotive force and the number ofrevolutions per minute of the pulley depends upon lthe pur pose forwhich the machine is used.

For the purpose of illustration the ma-` minute. The proper tension onthe friction clutch W is obtained by pressing the foot pedal down levelwith the Hoor and adjusting the turn buckle 21 until the spindle Irevolves. Then give turn buckle about of a turn more. It isadvisable notto adjust the clutch IV too tightly so that if the thimble rod shouldstick in the die, the clutch W will slip, thus preventing the thimblerod from twisting in thearch.

Referring to Figures 4, 5, and 6, it will be noticed that the pulley Zis running free on the shaft 23 which is held in place bythe threebearings, 24, and 26. The bearings 24 and 25 are a part of the verticalcolumn H. Between the bearings 24 and 25 on the shaft 23 is the worm Uwhich meshes with the worm gear V. The bracket 27 is bolted to thecolumn H and carries a bronze sleeve bearing 26 permanently fastened tothis bracket with 3 screws to prevent motion. This sleeve bearing has onthe portion-extending beyond the bracket an external square thread shownin Figure 5. The arm 28 is threaded on the inside of its hub portion tomatch the thread on'the outside of the sleeve bearing 26. is the latteris fastened permanently to the bracket 27, it is obvious that when thearm 28 is pulled down it will move the clutch IV toward the pulley Z andwhen the leather disk 29 engages the pulley Z, the shaft 23 will rotatewith` the pulley Z. The clutch \V is keyed tothe shaft 23 and the key isheld in place in the clutch IV by two screws and the keyslot in theshaft 23 is of such a length that theclutch can move horizontally overthe shaft Between the pulley Z and the clutch IV is a spring 30 whichserves to separate the clutch IV from the pulley Z when the arm 2S isreturned to normal position.

The worm gear V, which is operated by the worm U. turns the center1spindle I. In Figure 4 is shown how the worm gear V is held in placewhile the revolving spindle I can move up or down. The hub of the wormgeur V is provided with a square groove into which fit two clips 31 and32 which are permanently fastened with two screws each to verticalcolumn II. That part ofy the center spindle I which passes through theworm gear V has a key-slot extending over such lengt-h is intended toslide through t-he gear V. The center spindle I and the worm gear V areconnected together by meansr of the key which is permanently held in thekey-slot of the gear V by means of screws as shown in section in Figure4a. The top section of the center spindle I which fits snugly in thehead of the column H is provided with grooves i to act as teeth matchingthe teeth of segment gear 34 which is keyed to the shaft 35 which has abea-ring on each side of the column II as shown in Figure 3. On one endof the shaft 35 is fastened the counterweight arm X. As shown in Figures1, 2 and 3, the pneumatic cylinder Y is under pressure and as soon asthe valve 36 (Fig. 1) is turned to let the air out of the cylinder Y,the counterweight on the .arm X will drop down and the gear 84 willconsequently cause the center spindle I to drop down.

On the bottom of the spindle I is a holding fixture T to hold thethimble rod in place. Different views of the holding fixture T are shownin Figures 14, 15 and 16. rIhe holding fixture T is fastened to thecenter spindle I with two bolts 3T and 38. It is made. of cast iron andinside has a round opening the shape of'the shank and arch of thethimble rod as shown in Figure 14. There is an open slot t in one sideof the spindle I and fixture T to admitthe rod to thespindle andfixture. The rod is held in place in said opening by a clamp or drivingclip 39 held across the arch of the rod. The clamp has a fork in one endof it and al slot in edge of its sides near the opposite end. See Figure15. The fork engages a bolt.41 and the slot the bolt 42, Figure 14, tohold the clamp 39 in place while in operating position. Vhen clamp ordriving clip 39 is in open position its end near the fork rests on thebolt 42 and its other end is held in place by a supporting member (Fig.14). The clamp 39 can be easilylifted out of place by the handle 43fixed in the clamp as on the bolts 41 and 42 are bosses over which theclamp 39 fits snugly as already told. In Figure 14 a thimble rod isshown, in dotted lines, held in the fixture T in position by driving theclip or clamp 39 (see Fig. 14).

On the center Spindle I is fastened a locating collar J which can bemoved up or down the center spindle I by loosening the bolts 44 and 45.This collar is provided with a centering piece 46 which fits in the slot1'. over the stem of the thimble rod and serves to keep the thimble rodin the center of the die L. The centering piece 46 is held in thelocating collar by means of the bolts 47.

The compressed air is conducted to the machine through thepipe 48. Tothis pipe 48 is connected the oil pump 49 which has an oil reservoir 50.As often as may be necessary the operator should pump a little oil inthe pipe 48 where the oil mixes with the compressed air and lubricatesall the kair hammers and the cylinder Y. The hammers M, N and O Workalways at the same time and are controlled by the valve 51 which isoperated by the foot pedal 20. After the air has passed through thevalve 51, it comes into` the distributing box 52 Where the air isdistributed to the hammers M, N and 0. The air supply to the air isyalso supplied Vvided an adjusting support 53 which is fastened tothetable with twobolts 53. In the center is a libre block 54 which isground to suit the handle of the pneumatic hammers. This libre block canbe pushed forward by the adjusting screw or bolt 55 which has a handwheel on one end so `as to enable the operator .to set each hammeraccurately.' A lock-nut k56 prevents the adjusting bolt from workingloose. Thehammer head on the bottom hammer can be removed by unscrewingthe two bolts of the support 53 and the adjusting screw 55 allo-wing thehammer to drop down a sufficient dist-ance to get at the head to removeit. See Figs. 1, aand a The die L (see Figs. 9 and l0) consists of threesect-ions and between the adj acent ends of each two sections is aspring 57. When the sections are placed in the table, they are held rinplace by a dowel ypin 58 on the bottom and plate 59 on the top by screwsl, see Figure 11. When the die L is in place the springs 57 will pushthe three sections apart and consequently form three slots in the die L,which are for the purpose of allowing the die sections to move inagainst the object to be forged. These slots correspond with slots 60 inthe die seat K (Fig.

7 and Fig. 7a). These slots are provided for the purpose of automaticexpulsion of scale and grit accumulated during the process of swlaging.

All the hammers are provided with proper guards 61 forV the protectionof the hammers. The guards are simply hollow, partly round, cylindricalshaped, open end hoods placed over the hammers with one open end of thehoods near the die as indicated in the drawings, see for instance,Figures l and 2. In the case of one of the guards for example theexhaust air from the hammer it protects is allowed to impinge upon orstrike the interior surface of the guard or hood and be therebydeflected to pass out of the open end of the guard next to the die andin that way blow the scale or grit from thetop of the die O L and keepthe sight of the work clear (see Fig. 2).

Having described the different parts of the machine, I will now proceedto explain the operation of the same.

This machine should be set up as close aspossible to a blacksmiths forgeor oil furnace, where the heating of the forgingscan be accomplished andno time lost intransferring the hot forgings to the swaging machine. Thethree side hammers M, N, and O should be set so that'the'end ofthehammer head is flushwith the die when open. I The bottom hammer S shouldbe adjusted accurately by .means of the-adjustingscrew 55, so as toprevent the forming'of a thin fin around the bottomfedge of the swagedthimble rod. The locating collar J on the center spindle carrying thelocating or guiding block 46 should be set'so that the shank of thethimblerod forging extends about into same with the arch of the thimblerod fitting into the seat in the holding fixture T (see Fig. 14).

The operator should be provided with heavy leather gauntlet gloves and4should be provided with a suitable tool for inserting and lifting outhot forgings into and from thedie L. The stub end of a filey with woodenhandle and with edges relieved to form a shoulder fitting the arch ofthe thimy blei'od forging,

is sufficient and forms a part of the equipment of each machine.

Before commencing actual swaging the die L should be preheated to avoidcracking, by placing into it a red hot thimble rodi' forging andrepeating this' two or three times without operating the hammers, afterwhich the following sequence of operations should be observed. Heatthimble rod forgings to a bright red color, about l600.

lfeeping basket of arch of the rod out of the Place hot end of forginginto die L.

Raise stem of forging to center of spindle I with left hand.'

Lift forging up to seat of holding fixture T using the stub end of afile.

Hold stem` of forging in position with left hand thumb in slot ofspindle -I until the spindle has been lowered and the forging isl incontact with the die L.

Lower spindle by pressing down with right hand the lever on valve 36,letting the airout of cylinder Y.

Slide clamp or driving clip 39 to the lefty into position locking thearch of the thimble. rod forging into the holding fixture T.

Step on foot pedal 20. This causes the arm 28 to move do-wn and forcesthe clutch, into engagement with the pulley Z which again causes thecenter spindle to rotate. At

the same time, pressing down the foot pedal 20 causes the three sidehammers M, N and to operate.

Open with left hand the valve which;`

starts the .operation of the bottom hammer S. f

Release foot pedal 2() after spindle I has made a complete revolution.This stops the revolvingof the spindle I as the springs 71.

on plate 71, on column H lpush the arm 28 back to normal position andreleases the clutch. At the same time, the operation of the three sidehammers is stopped.

Raise spindle I by pushing up the lever air in the cylinder Y, whichraises the eoun- V terweightarm X, and` at the same time shut z o-i',with the left,hand,the valve TO-which onvalve 36.,A with theiright hand,admitting stops the bottom hammeruS.

Slide driving clip r39-.to` the right and rerimove the finished thimblekrod by insert-ing stubk end ofthe -le `under .the ,arch -of the rod,using right hand forthis purpose, and 'steadying the shank ofthe forgingwith the left" hand.

4'It is obvionsthat forgings `of different sizes and shapes can beswaged with this machine Aand to change the dies. and holding fixturesthe followi-ngshould be observed.

VRaise the spindle I as high as it will go bywoperating the vlever ofvalve which f controls cylinder Y. inserta safety pin I73 whichwill'beifound attachedby a chain to ythe mainl frame of themachine(Figi) into.y

the hole 74 2) of the connecting rod 7 5 near theftop of cylinder Y.This willfpreventspindle Ifrom dropping in case-the air pressure isreleased accidentally.

Remove the iholding iixture T and the plate y59 covering the-die L.

Bloclrup the footpedal 20' as this prexvents the possibility,-ofaccidentally. starting f ltherevolving of.-spindle I or -the operationt ofthe ham-mers M, N land O.

Turn f the. valveV 7 0 #controlling the. bottom hammer S to drive up thesections of the die .standard lathe dog, which will have to be'vslightly `altered so-that-when `used the points of contact will' be onthe joints ofthe die sections. A standard lathe dog is. merely a ringvwith set screws in it with their ends inwardly directed. 'The diesections are assembled together withthe springs between the two adjacentends of the sections and the 'whole assembly placed in the ring orlat-he. dog` with theA free ends of the lathe dog screwsslightly.altered from their usually 'pointed .shape to a wide surface on theirend's'to span the jointsbetween the adjacent ends of the sections. Thescrews are then 'screwed in against the/sections until the adjacent'endsof thesectionsfabut each other. After which the die is entered in theholder for the die.

Enter the die inline withthe dowel pins 58 in lthe. bottom ofV thedieholder K. Re-

.move the lathe'dog from around the sections and push the die sectionsin place in the kholder K.

Replacethe plate59 covering the die seg- Y ments.

Attachsuitable holding fixture to the underside of the spindle I andfinally openthe air supply to the cylinder Y and remove the :safety pin.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire tosecure'byiLetters Patent is:

1. In a forging. machine, a` table having a f central recess, diestherein, radial-'recesses in `said tablefhammers in said recesses, saidvradial `recesses having an yopeningiin; line Vwith said centralrecess,avertical opening in the bottom of said centralfrecess, a hammer insaidgopening, the dies. being adapted to receive an articletofbe forgeidandthe hammers tofbe operated to deliver blows :or pressure upon thedies,l and `article -to be forged therein.

2. In a forging machine, a table, a die kseat thereima die seated in theseat, said die seat and die khaving vertical openings inthelr lbottomsregisteringgwith eachv other, a forging hammer, adapted to strikelongitudi- 2 nallythroughisaid ropeningsthe article to be forged, andalsoto strike the `die to driveitv out of its seatsufcientlyfto enableyittozbe gotten hold ofitobe lifted entirely out ofl its seat.

3.k In a. forging machine, a table havingarecess or seat for a die, anexpansible sectional die seated therein, the sections adapted toreceivevdirect-action `hammer blows or impacts,

springsv between `the sections,holes lin the bottom ofthesections,dowelpins in the bot- Itom.ofthe-recess entered in thesaidholes.

45. In a4 forging machine, a table-having a recess or seat therein,adapted'to :receive or seat any expansible sectionaly die,` dowel pinsin the `bottom! of the recess, .a'sectionaldie seated in the recess, aspring between fadj acent sections of thedie, thescctions provided 4withholes in which the dowel pins enter, and

a plate over) the top of thesections to retain them in operativepositionwith freedom of movement.

In a forging'inachine, a table having a recess or seat therein, andslots in :the seat, a sectional `die in the recess, springs between thesections pushing them` apart from each other to form slots betweenthemthe slots in the die seat and between the sections registering witheach otherto constitutean exit for scale or grit in the die.

6. In a forging machine, a table, a die therein, av pneumatic hammer.,-witli .ani exhaust for swaging an article in theV die, a guard on thehammer, also of suitable shape and arrangement to conduct the blast of.eX-

haust air to the top of the dieandblow the scale or grit therefrom,andtherebyy to keep.

vmatic hammers adapted to ydeliverblows directly :uponl the die and a4vertical hammer.

ifieaosa adapted to deliver blows on vthe article in the die to beforged. j

8. In a forging machine, a sectional die, multiple horizontal hammers,radially arranged of the die and adapted to deliver blows simultaneouslyon opposing sides thereof, and a rvertical hammer, adapted to actdirectly and longitudinally on the blank being forged. i

9. In a forging machine, a table, a sectional die having an openingtherethrough, adjustable hammers carried by the table, mounted radiallyof the die and vertically of the opening therethrough, and means toadjust the hammers with respect to the die and the article therein to beforged by them.

10. In a forging machine,`a table having a vertical opening therein, asectional die having an opening in alignment with the opening in thetable die, horizontal and vertical, adjustable hammers carried by thetable, and means to adjust the hammers to the article to be forged,comprising a support or yoke, secured to the table, and an adjustingscrew in the yoke, adapted to set up the hammers.

11. In a forging machine, a horizontal table, provided in its centerwith a recess or seat, and having vertical openings therethrough, asectional die seated in the recess, and having a vertical openingregistering with the opening in the die seat, multiple adjustablehammers mounted horizontally and vertically to the table, adapted todeliver direct-action pressure on the die and the article in the die tobe forged, means to adjust the hammers to set them up to their work,comprising a yoke or support, secured to the table, an adjusting screwin the yoke, and hand wheel to turn it, and a bre block between thehandle of the hammer and the adjusting screw.

12. In a swaging machine, a sectional die, multiple horizontal andvertical pneumatic hammers, adapted to deliver blows or pressuresdirectly upon the die and the article respectively in the die to beforged, and means to distribute air to the horizontal hammers,comprising an air distribution box and means to control the operationof` the hammers.

13. In a forging machine, a sectional die, horizontal and verticalhammers, adapted to act directly on the die and longitudinally of thearticle in the die, and means to support the article in the die underthe blows of the hammers.

14. In a forging machine, a sectional die, horizontal and verticalhammers, adapted to act directly on the die and longitudinally of thearticle in the die, and a holder for the article, comprising anadjustable and rotatable spindle, and means to adjust and rotate it.

column and bracket, a rotatable worm shaft in the bearings, a powerpulley free on thekfgy shaft and a clutch to connect the pulley andshaft together, a rotatable spindle to hold the article to be forged inthe die, and a worm gear on the spindle engaging the worm shaft, therebyrotating the spindle when the clutch is operated to connect the shaftand pulley together.

16. In a forging machine, a die, means to rotate and swage an article inthe die, means to set into operation the swaging and rotating means, themeans to set into operation the swaging and rotating means beingconnected together, whereby by one operation the Voperator of themachine can set both swaging and rotating means into operation.

17. In a forging machine, a sectional die, horizontal and verticalpneumatic hammers, acting directly on the die and the articlerespectively to be swaged in the die, a rotatable spindle to support thearticle, means to supply air to operate the hammers and rotate thespindle, the said means being connected together, whereby the oneopera-` tion by the operator serves to set into` operation both thehammers and the rotation of the spindle.

18. In a forging machine, a revolvable work-holding spindle, adapted toturn the article in the forging die, a driving pulley to rotate thespindle, to connect the pulley with the spindle, a hub adapted to berotated and also moved laterally to cause the clutch to engage thepulley, a foot pedal to turn the hub, and an adjustable connecting rodbetween the hub and pedal, whereby the friction between the two partscan be regulated suitably to turn the article in the die, but allowslippage between the pulley and clutch in case the article stick in thedie.

19. In a forging machine, a rotatable shaft, a power pulley loosethereon, a frictional clutch, comprising a disk, freely splined on theshaft, an exteriorly threaded xed sleeve, an arm having a hub threadedon the sleeve, adapted to turn the hub, rand thereby move the disk intofrictional contact with the pulley, a rotatable spindle to support anarticle to be forged, and means engaging the spindle and shaft to causethe latter to rotate the former.

20. In a forging machine, a vertical column, a rotatable, verticallyadjustable spindle to carry the article to be swaged, means to rotatethe spindle, comprising a a frictional clutch` driven "gear shaft, agear onthe spindle, en gaging the gear shaft, and provided Witha squaregroove, two clips fastened to the vertical column, fitted vinto the saidgroove, a slot and key-way free connection between the spindle and theworm gear, and means to move the spindle up and down.

21. In a forging machine, a vertical column, a vertically movablespindle, to carry the article to be forged, and provided with gear teethin its upper end, a segmentA gear, journ'alled in the said column, andmeshed With the teeth in the spindle, a counter- Weight, and apneumatic.cylinder connected to the segment gear, the weight to lowerthe spindle and the cylinder to raise it.

22. In a forging machine, a vertically7 adjustable Work-holding spindle,a cylinder, a pneumatically operable piston therein, adapted to raisethe Spindle and allow it to drop, a connection 'rod between the ypistonand spindle, a hole in the rod near the top of the cylinder, and a pin,adaptedto be fitted in the hole in the rod, and hold the spindle against,dropping in case the air pressure under the piston is released.

23. In a forging machine, a spindle to carry the article to be forged,and. provided With a slot, a locating collar fastened on the Spindle,and carryinga centering piece in the slot, the latteradapted kto re-lceive the stem of the article to be forged, and the centering pieceadapted to it over comprising aperforated and slotted holder,

the interior shape of the perforation designed toy correspond to theexterior shape of the article carried in the holder, a clamp or clipsecured to theholder, across the slot therein, adapted to hold thearticle in the holder.

25. In a forging machine, a work-holder, comprising a fixture, adaptedto receive the work, ,ha/ving a slot therein, and bosses thereon, aclamp designed to fit over the slot, one end of the clamp-being forkedyand the other end being notched, to adapt the saine to be fitted on thebosses and removed therefrom to an open. position, andA a supe 'portinglmember secured to the holder, and designed tohold the clampV When it isin an open position.

In testimony whereof, We have signed our names tothis specificationinthey presence of two subscribing witnesses. l n

MICHEL CARL ZEDERBAUM. JOB FISI-I, Jn., f .s LOUIS JOI-IN KIRCHENBAUER.

B. E. WEWAM, .v E. E. WASHINGTON.

